This research investigates new empirical routes to improve the implementation of sport governance by sports organizations. It asks the question: what determinants influence the decision of sport national governing bodies in Switzerland to implement sport governance? It builds on implementation deficits highlighted by benchmark analysis, an exploratory literature review and a description of the non-profit sector. This paper invites a reflection on the challenges and difficulties related to sport governance standards. The method builds on an exploratory, inductive and qualitative research design. The data comprise interviews with 10 decision makers of national sport federations and the national umbrella federation of sport and Olympic committee analyzed by theme-based coding. The analysis highlights five meta-themes associated with determinants: (1) strategic priority, (2) decision makers’ knowledge on the concept of sport governance, (3) sport governance issues, (4) resources, and (5) personal attributes of decision makers. The results and findings indicate that improving the implementation of sport governance is a multidimensional issue that mainly involves organizational and individual elements, and calls for a tiered approach rather than a “one size-fits all” approach.
The importance of considering information related to athletes’ biological maturation within talent identification and development processes is frequently emphasized by both sport scientists and practitioners. Although there is evidence for the use of objective diagnostics for assessing biological maturation, little is known about its subjective determinations by coaches. Such approaches are particularly relevant when scientific support is limited. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare a practical subjective approach (coaches’ eye) to assess biological maturity timing (BMT) with objective reference diagnostics (MRI). For this purpose, data were collected from 63 male elite soccer players of the U12 and U14 age group who were part of the German talent promotion program. Players’ BMT (i.e., skeletal – chronological age) was assessed by MRI and a subjective rating of two coaches. Data analyses revealed high-rank correlations (rs = .55; p
Long-term sports participation and performance development are major issues in popular sports and talent development programs. This study aimed to provide longitudinal trends in youth female long jump performance development, participation, and relative age effects (RAEs), as longitudinal data for female athletes are missing. 51′894 season’s best results of female long jump athletes (n = 16′189) were acquired from the Swiss Athletics online database and analyzed within a range of 6–22 years of age. To examine longitudinal performance development and RAEs, data from athletes who participated in at least three seasons were selected (n = 41′253) and analyzed. Performance development was analyzed using age groups (AGs) and exact chronological age (CA) at competition. Differences between performances of birth quarters were analyzed using 83% confidence intervals (CIs) and smallest worthwhile change. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were used to quantify RAEs. With the traditional classification into age groups (AG), performances of athletes born between January and March (Q1) were significantly better than those born between October and December (Q4) from U8 to U17. Using exact CA resulted in similar performances in Q1 and Q4 until the U20 age category. The peak of participation was reached in the U12 category, and then decreased until the U23 category with a substantial drop at U17. Significant RAEs were observed from U8 to U19 and at U22. RAEs continuously decreased from U8 (large effect) to U14 (small effect). The present results show that differences in performance arise from the comparison of athletes in AGs. Thus, going beyond AGs and using exact CA, Q4 athletes could benefit from a realistic performance comparison, which promotes fair performance evaluation, un-biased talent development, realistic feedback, and long-term participation.
Mental health is an important topic in competitive sports, but there is only limited data from Switzerland. Although mental health is a prominent topic, it is difficult to estimate the efforts of Swiss sports federations to promote mental health. A representative sample of Swiss athletes (N = 1003, Mage = 21.69, SDage = 7.09, 54% women, 37% team sports, 10% injured) answered questions about symptoms of mental health problems and their well-being. We also asked about the extent of basic need satisfaction and perceived organizational support. Overall, the numbers on symptoms of mental health problems (17% depression, 10% anxiety, 22% eating disorders, 18% sleep disorders) and well-being are comparable to other elite sport samples and the general Swiss population. However, we found large group differences. For example, 52% of women athletes were affected by at least one mental disorder symptom, compared with 30% of men athletes. Injured athletes were most affected in terms of depressive symptoms. The study also shows that need satisfaction and frustration in conjunction with demographic factors is related to well-being and symptoms of mental health problems. Furthermore, the more support athletes perceive from their federations, the better their mental health. We conclude that a substantial proportion of athletes are affected by symptoms of mental disorders and more measures are needed to improve this situation, for example through supporting need satisfaction in the sport setting.
Introduction This paper addresses the growing concern surrounding mental health in elite sports. Acknowledging that national sports systems vary in structure and that any evaluation of these issues must necessarily be country-specific, the study explores current mental health provisions in Switzerland. Method Based on the feedback of 31 experts, including athletes and representatives from sporting organizations, the study evaluates four aspects of existing measures: formulation of a mental health plan, mental health care provision, athlete support systems, and provisions for high-risk events. Results The findings highlight two key issues. First, experts clearly have different views about mental health initiatives in Swiss sports for reasons that may include variations in access to information, program visibility, regional and sport-specific differences, and emerging strategies that have not yet been widely embraced. Second, despite these disparities, the experts unanimously agreed that some basic mental health measures remain unimplemented. Conclusion These findings highlight a pressing need for basic interventions such as mental health screening and improved mental health literacy. Another recommended priority is to design and implement a holistic national mental health plan informed by the collaborative contributions of all stakeholders. Furthermore, this discourse on mental health must be in coordination with ongoing dialogues on ethics in sports.
Introduction The Swiss Armed Forces have released a fitness app for personalised physical training that takes into account the current endurance performance. This is done by means of an integrated digital self-test of physical performance. The Cooper test (12-minute run), which is widely used in the military setting, is too long for the digital selftest. This study aims to investigate whether a self-paced 4-minute all out outdoor run (4Minmax run) is a valid method to assess endurance performance for personalised training planning in the app. Methods On the same day, the subjects completed a 4Minmax run on a flat 300 m circular track and a maximal exercise test (VO2max-Test) using a graded protocol (figure 1). Average speed was calculated from the 4Minmax run (v4Min), the relative maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the maximum speed (vend) from the VO2max-Test. Maximum heart rate (HRmax) was measured during the 4Minmax run and the VO2max-Test. Respiratory gases were analysed during the VO2max-Test using a mixing chamber (Cosmed srl, Rome, Italy). Pearson correlations and linear regressions were used to test whether v4Min predicted vend and the relative VO2max. Two regression analyses were performed separately for women and men. Results Table 1 shows the descriptive statistics of the 4Minmax run and the VO2max-Test of the 18 subjects. In both men and women, vend and v4Min were strongly correlated (r = 0.79, p = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.424 - 0.934 and r = 0.974, p = 0.005, 95% CI: 0.647 - 0.998, respectively; figure 2). Also the VO2max and the v4Min were strongly correlated in men and in women (r = 0.742, p = 0.004, 95% CI: 0.324 - 0.918 and r = 0.897, p = 0.039, 95% CI: 0.073 - 0.993, respectively; figure 3). The linear regression model of the relative VO2max explained by the v4Min was statistically significant in women (adjusted R2 = 0.74, F(1,3) = 12.41, p = 0.039) and in men (adjusted R2 = 0.51, F(1,11) = 13.504, p = 0.004). The regression equation for women was: VO2max [ml*min-1*kg-1] = -28.792+5.758 (v4Min [km*h-1]). The regression equation for men was: VO2max [ml*min-1*kg-1] = -21.627+4.709*(v4Min [km*h-1]). Conclusion The performance in the 4Minmax run can accurately estimate both VO2max and vend with a slightly higher adjusted R2 between v4Min and vend than between v4Min and VO2max. As the VO2max is comparable to reference values, it is recommended to calculate the estimated VO2max from the 4Minmax run to assess the endurance performance in the digital self-test. The regression equation for women should be further investigated with a larger number of subjects and should therefore be used with caution. Military Impact The Swiss Armed Forces offer their recruits and soldiers a digital solution for physical training before and between military service. The digital performance test implemented in this application, which can be carried out independently, regardless of time and place, and without any special equipment, enables the generation of a personalised physical training. The 4Minmax run is a promising solution to assess the endurance performance and is an alternative to conventional laboratory and field tests.
Energy pumping is a way to gain kinetic energy based on an active vertical center of mass movement in rollers in sports like skateboarding, skicross, snowboard cross and BMX. While the principle of the energy transfer from the vertical movement to the horizontal movement is well understood, the question of how to achieve the optimal energy transfer is still unresolved. In this paper, we introduce an inverse pendulum model to describe the movement of the center of mass of an athlete performing energy pumping. On this basis, the problem of identifying the optimal movement pattern is formulated as an optimal control problem. We solve the discretized optimal control problem with the help of a SQP-algorithm. We uncover that the optimal movement pattern consists of a jumping, flying, and landing phase, which has to be timed precisely. We investigate how the maximal horizontal speed depends on parameters like rollers height and maximal normal force of the athlete. Additionally, we present a qualitative comparison of our results with measured results from BMX-racing. For athletes and coaches, we advice on the basis of our results that athlete’s performance is optimized by using maximal force and adopt an exact and proper timing of the movement pattern.
Abstract Der organisierte Sport ist für Kinder und Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund wertvoll, denn er begünstigt deren soziale Integration im Sport. Der Beitrag stellt «Miteinander Turnen» des Netzwerks Miteinander Turnen Schweiz und «Midnightsports» der Stiftung IdéeSport vor. Zwei Experteninterviews und Dokumentenanalysen ergaben: Mit zielführenden Massnahmen (z.B. niederschwellige Angebote, Vernetzung mit Schlüsselpersonen, ausgebildete Leitende, vielfältige Kommunikation, Verhaltenskodex, Peer-to-Peer-Ansatz) werden junge Migrantinnen und Migranten für Bewegungsangebote erreicht und vielfältig integriert. Die Integrationsleistungen der beiden Bewegungsangebote lassen sich entlang vier Dimensionen einordnen (Adler Zwahlen, Nagel & Schlesinger, 2018): Kulturation (z.B. Regeln und Werte beim Sporttreiben lernen), Interaktion (z.B. konfliktfreies Sporttreiben, Bewegen und Spielen), Identifikation (z.B. Kinder und Eltern fühlen sich mit «ihrer» Gruppe vertraut und zugehörig) und Platzierung (z.B. Jugendliche engagieren sich als Coach und planen Bewegungsangebote mit). Der Beitrag hebt hervor, dass es bei der Inszenierung von integrationsorientierten Bewegungsangeboten zielführend ist, einzelne individuelle und organisationale Einflussfaktoren der sozialen Integration systematisch zu beachten und in Massnahmen umzusetzen. Die Ansätze der Good Practice-Beispiele könnten auch die gelingende soziale Integration von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Beeinträchtigungen im organisierten Sport fördern. Aus Sicht der Forschung und Sportpraxis liegt Potenzial darin, alternative Integrationssettings – neben Sportvereinen – stärker in den Blick zu nehmen. Beispielsweise fördern Stiftungen, freiwilliger Schulsport oder Kindertagesstätten mit Bewegungsangeboten proaktiv die soziale Integration.
Einleitung und Problemstellung Ausgehend von einer sich rasant entwickelnden Sportwelt (Digitalisierung, Professionalisierung) stellen sich für Bildungsinstitutionen im Sportbereich Fragen zur Passung der sportwissenschaftlichen Ausbildung zu den benötigten Kompetenzen in Sportberufen. Die aktuelle Forschung – wie z. B. durch Mrkonjic et al. (2022) für das Feld des Sportmanagements – untersucht, welche Kompetenzen in aktuellen Arbeitstätigkeiten oder Berufen nachgefragt sind und formulieren daraus auch Empfehlungen für Bildungsinstitutionen. Während für die Bildungsinstitutionen, im Besonderen für die Fachhochschulen, primär die Berufsbefähigung im Zentrum steht (FH Schweiz, 2018), interessiert die Studierenden aber auch die Chance auf eine Anstellung. Dafür ist aus der Sicht eines Abgängers oder einer Abgängerin nicht nur die Berufsbefähigung per se relevant, sondern auch, ob in den avisierten Berufen überhaupt Stellen angeboten werden. Mit diesem Beitrag wird deshalb das Arbeitsmarktangebot beleuchtet. Im Zentrum dieser Arbeitsmarktanalyse steht die Frage, welche Stellen für Hochqualifizierte, d. h. für Akademiker/innen im Jahr 2022 im Sportbereich in der Schweiz angeboten wurden. Analysiert wird, wie viele Stellen in welchen Berufen und welchen Bereichen (z. B. Verbände, Ämter, private Unternehmen) ausgeschrieben worden sind und welche konkreten Aufgaben in einer solchen Stelle zu übernehmen sind. Zudem wird auch ein Blick auf die in den Stellenbeschreibungen integrierten verlangten Kompetenzen geworfen. Methodik Für diese Arbeitsmarktanalyse werden sämtliche ausgeschriebenen Stellen im Bereich Sport erfasst. In den Suchalgorithmus eingeschlossen sind dabei nur solche Stellen, die für Akademiker/innen also für Personen mit einem sportwissenschaftlichen Hochschulabschluss relevant sind. Damit werden z. B. Stellen als Verkäufer/in im Sportdetailhandel oder als kaufmännische Angestellte in einem Sportamt nicht berücksichtigt. Ebenfalls nicht mitanalysiert werden Stellen als Sportlehrpersonen, weil hierfür eine spezifische Berufsbefähigung an einer pädagogischen Hochschule erworben werden muss und ein sportwissenschaftliches Studium nicht ausreicht. Mit spezifischen Stichworten und Suchbegriffen werden ausgewählte Job-Plattformen wöchentlich abgesucht. Die relevanten Informationen werden aus den Stelleninseraten in eine Datenbank übertragen. In einem Piloten wurde das Vorgehen während zwei Monaten (Juni und Juli 2021) mit einer rückwirkenden Suche getestet und anschliessend verfeinert und optimiert. Seit Februar 2022 läuft die Datenerhebung. Ergebnisse An der Tagung werden die Ergebnisse der Datenerhebungen von Februar bis Dezember 2022 präsentiert und diskutiert. Während der Pilotphase im Sommer 2021 wurden bereits von n = 155 Stellenausschreibungen Inhalte gesammelt. Rund die Hälfte der Stellen (n = 76; 49%) wurden von Verbänden, 19% von Vereinen (n = 29) und 17% im Bereich Sportmanagement (n = 27) ausgeschrieben. Weniger häufig ausgeschrieben waren Stellen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung (n = 12; 8%) und von Stiftungen (n = 11; 7%). Die häufigsten genannten Aufgaben waren: Trainingsleitung, Projektmanagement und Administration, gefolgt von Aufgaben im Marketing, bei der Weiterentwicklung von Organisationen, Konzepten oder Projekten, im Support und der Betreuung von Kunden. Im Zentrum der gesuchten Kompetenzen standen mehrheitlich überfachliche Kompetenzen wie Kommunikations-, Organisations- und Planungsfähigkeiten. Literatur FH Schweiz (2018). Das FH-Profil. Letzter Zugriff am 28.10.2022 unter https://www.fhschweiz.ch/fh-profil. Mrkonjic, M., Pillet, F., Weber, A., Burk, W., Dinner, K., Lang, M., Mendes Fonseca, D., & Bayle, E. (2022). Sportmanagement in der Schweiz. Analyse der Arbeitsstellen und Kompetenzen. Magglingen: Bundesamt für Sport BASPO.
Zur Optimierung und Weiterentwicklung von Studiengängen werden Informationen aus Evaluationen benötigt. Während in der bisherigen Praxis an Hochschulen hierfür meistens für jeden Studiengang unabhängige einzelne Evaluationsprojekte lanciert wurden, wurde an der Eidgenössischen Hochschule für Sport Magglingen EHSM in der Schweiz ein neuer Weg gegangen. Konzipiert und aufgebaut wurde ein umfassendes Evaluationssystem, welches sich von einem Projekt insbesondere dadurch unterscheidet, dass jede der Evaluationen in einem regelmässigen Rhythmus wiederholt wird. Der dadurch entstehende permanente Datenstrom zeigt laufend den Optimierungsbedarf, Trends und Veränderungen auf und ermöglicht dadurch einen ständigen Entwicklungs- und Verbesserungsprozess. Damit wird die Weiterentwicklung der Studiengänge zu einem ständigen Thema – und nicht erst zum Zeitpunkt einer Reform oder (Re-)Akkreditierung.
Sport is an area of life that is strongly driven by the desire for performance which can encourage athletes to neglect their health and wellbeing. It is therefore not surprising that research on mental health in sport has found prevalence of diagnosable psychiatric disorders ranging from 4% to 68% (Elbe & Nylandsted Jensen, 2016). Thriving describes a combination of high well-being (i.e., flourishing) and a sustained high level of performance (Brown et al., 2018) and could therefore be an ideal term to promote both in this kind of environment. The purpose of this poster is to provide a conceptual framework indicating coaches’ fields of action for the promotion of athletes’ mental health, well-being and performance (i.e., thriving). Literature on the promotion of mental health and wellbeing within the sport setting was searched and critically reviewed. In this evaluation two sources were found to be especially helpful as foundation of such a conceptual framework. One source was a scoping review investigating risk and protective factors for mental health in elite athletes (Kuettel & Larsen, 2020). The second article presented a conceptual model for mental health and performance of North American athletes (Ayala et al., 2022). The new framework defines six areas in which coaches have primary responsibility for promoting the thriving of their athletes (i.e., mental health stigma; mental health literacy; social support and team relationship; psychological needs satisfaction; intentional practice with a strong focus on injury and overtraining prevention; career management). In three other areas coaches have a supporting role (i.e., self-awareness; mindfulness; set back and stress management including psychological skills training). The proposed conceptual framework can be used to enable coaches to strengthen flourishing and performance of their athletes in a proactive manner.
Auf dieser Webseite finden Sie kompetenzorientierte Lernaufgaben für den Zyklus 1, ergänzt durch deren theoretischen Grundlagen, sowie Diagnoseaufgaben zur Überprüfung der motorischen Basiskompetenzen. im lernaufgabenzentrierten Lehr-Lern-Modell stehen aktivierende Lernaufgaben im Zentrum des kompetenzorientierten Unterrichts.
