In der heutigen Welt des Spitzen- und Nachwuchsleistungssports ist der Erfolg von Athlet:innen untrennbar mit einer umfassenden Unterstützung und Förderung auf allen Ebenen verbunden. Dies erfordert nicht nur herausragende individuelle Leistungen, sondern auch ein starkes und koordiniertes Team von Fachpersonen. Der Leitfaden zur interprofessionellen Zusammenarbeit (IPZ) im Ressort Leistungssport (RLS) soll das effiziente Zusammenwirken der Fachspezialist:innen des RLS definieren und den Beteiligten Hilfestellungen für eine optimale Zusammenarbeit über die Fachgruppen hinweg zur Verfügung zu stellen. Mit Hilfe eines umfassenden Reviewverfahrens und dem Einbezug einer Arbeitsgruppe von Expert:innen werden die IPZ am RLS und Rollenbeschreibungen und Aufgabenbereiche sowie Anforderungen von Care Manger:innen definiert. Aufgrund der Erfahrungen der Fachpersonen am RLS werden 6 prototypische IPZ-Fälle und die Prozesse und Abläufe der IPZ skizziert. Dabei wird ein ökologisches Systemmodell zur Förderung von Thriving zu Hilfe gezogen und ein neues Modell zur Veranschaulichung des IPZ Prozesses vorgestellt.
In this study, we tested the hypothesis that augmented feedback (AF) training can improve both perceptual-cognitive and/or motor skills specific to soccer.; Three groups of young elite players (U14-U15 categories) performed a test consisting in passing the ball as accurately and as quickly as possible towards a visual target moving briefly across a large screen located at 6 meters from the player. The performed task required players to correctly perceive the target, anticipate its future location and to adequately adjust the pass direction and power. The control group (CON) performed normal soccer training and was compared with two visuomotor training groups (AF and No-Feedback NF) that followed the same training regime but integrated series of 32 passes three times per week over a seventeen-day period into their normal soccer training. Objective measurements of the passing performance were provided using a high-technology system (COGNIFOOT) prior to, during and after training. During training, only players of the AF-group received visuo-auditory feedback immediately after each trial informing them about the accuracy of their passes.; The results show that only players of the AF-group significantly improved passing accuracy, reactiveness, and global passing performance (+22 %) whereas the NF-group only improved passing accuracy. None of these parameters was improved in the CON-group. The objectively measured changes in passing performance were compared to the more subjectively judged passing performance provided by coaches and players. Coaches' judgments were more reliable than players' judgments and exhibited a training group effect comparable to the ones objectively measured by COGNIFOOT.; This study provides evidence that the training of cognitive motor performance in soccer players highly benefits from the use of augmented feedback.
Purpose: To investigate the strengths and limitations of different indicators to measure physical load. Furthermore, indicators were evaluated for discrimination between performance levels and playing positions. Methods: Ninety positional match files from 70 elite players and 91 match files from 69 sub-elite players were collected during 14 official under-18 matches using a local position measurement system. Indicators are calculated from either speed, absolute acceleration (acc-abs), or percentage acceleration (acc-%). The acc-% describes the level of acceleration depending on the maximal voluntary acceleration (amax) for each initial running speed. Effect sizes (ES) were used to determine discriminative ability. Results: The number of high accelerations largely depended on the method (absolute threshold [>3 m·s−2 and >4 m·s−2]: 120 and 59 efforts; high percentage threshold [>75% amax]: 84 efforts). Only a small number of highly accelerated efforts reached speeds considered as high-speed running (>19.8 km·h−1: 32.6%). More high acc-% exist from initial running speed >2 m·s−1 (23.0) compared with acc-abs (>3 m·s−2: 14.4; >4m·s−2: 5.9). Elite players achieve higher values in most performance indicators, with ES being highest for the number of high acc-% (ES = 0.91) and high acc-abs (>3m·s−2: ES = 0.86; >4m·s−2: ES = 0.87), as well as for covered distance in jogging (ES = 0.94). Conclusions: Estimated physical load, discriminative ability of physical indicators, and positional requirements largely depend on the applied method. A combination of speed-based and acc-% methods is recommended to get a comprehensive view.
PURPOSE: There are several approaches to quantifying physical load in team sports using positional data. Distances in different speed zones are most commonly used. Recent studies have used acceleration data in addition in order to take short intense actions into account. However, the fact that acceleration decreases with increasing initial running speed is ignored and therefore introduces a bias. The aim of our study was to develop a new methodological approach that removes this bias. For this purpose, percentage acceleration was calculated as the ratio of the maximal acceleration of the action (amax,action) and the maximal voluntary acceleration (amax) that can be achieved for a particular initial running speed (percentage acceleration [%] = amax,action / amax * 100). METHODS: To define amax, seventy-two highly trained junior male soccer players (17.1 +/- 0.6 years) completed maximal sprints from standing and three different constant initial running speeds (vinit; trotting: ~6.0 km.h-1; jogging: ~10.8 km.h-1; running: ~15.0 km.h-1). RESULTS: The amax was 6.01 +/- 0.55 from a standing start, 4.33 +/- 0.40 from trotting, 3.20 +/- 0.49 from jogging and 2.29 +/- 0.34 m.s-2 from running. The amax correlated significantly with vinit (r = -0.98) and the linear regression equation of highly-trained junior soccer players was: amax = -0.23 * vinit + 5.99. CONCLUSION: Using linear regression analysis, we propose to classify high-intensity actions as accelerations >75% of the amax, corresponding to acceleration values for our population of >4.51 initiated from standing, >3.25 from trotting, >2.40 from jogging, and >1.72 m.s-2 from running. The use of percentage acceleration avoids the bias of underestimating actions with high and overestimating actions with low initial running speed. Furthermore, percentage acceleration allows determining individual intensity thresholds that are specific for one population or one single player.
The aim of the study was to analyze how running performance in the Soccer World Cup Brazil 2014 was influenced by the different climatic zones and by game performance. All data analyzed were published on www.fifa.com. Running performance of all 96 games during the group stage were measured with a video-based tracking system (SportVU, STATS, USA). The effects of climate conditions and game outcome (game result, qualification for final round) on running performance were analyzed. Matches were divided into 3 groups, with 4 locations each, according to geographical latitude of the match location: North (0-10.0°), Middle (10.1-20.0°), South (>20.0°). Humidex for every game was calculated from temperature and relative humidity. Mean Humidex was significantly different between the 3 locations (North: 36.9±1.6°, Middle: 31.1±4.0°, South: 23.7±6.6°). During matches in the north, players performed a significantly smaller number of sprints than in the middle (-8.6%) and the south (-11.0%), less high intensity (> 14.0 km/h) distance (-7.9%, -10.9%), and less total distance (-3.4%, -3.9%). There was no difference in running performance between more and less successful teams. Running performance, especially high intensity running and sprinting, were markedly reduced during games in the northern part of Brazil, where hot and humid conditions existed during the Soccer World Cup 2014, independently from general game performance.
Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung der Explosivkraft als Leistungsvoraussetzung fur schnelle, azyklische und zyklische Bewegungen in vielen Sportarten nimmt zu. Die Leistungsdiagnostik als Teil der Leistungs- und Trainingssteuerung benotigt als Grundlage fur die Trainingsempfehlungen Kenngrossen oder Normwerte. Einzelne Diagnostik-Verfahren werden zunehmend bereits im Junioren- oder Nachwuchsbereich eingesetzt. Es bestand daher die Absicht, das Explosivkraftniveau der unteren Extremitaten von Schweizer Nachwuchsathleten aus verschiedenen Sportarten und verschiedenen Altersklassen zu ermitteln. 1518 Athleten (870 mannlich und 648 weiblich) aus 21 verschiedenen Sportarten (18 mannlich und 17 weiblich) in den Altersklassen bis 12, 14, 16, 18 und 20 Jahre absolvierten in einer Trainingslagerwoche beim ≪Talenttreff in Tenero (3T)≫ einen Sprungkrafttest (bestehend aus Countermovementjump [CMJ], Squatjump und einbeinigen Sprungen links und rechts) auf Kraftmessplatten. Dabei wurde die relative maximale mechanische Leistung (Pmax) und die Sprunghohe gemessen, sowie das bilaterale Defizit errechnet. Aufgeteilt nach Sportart, Geschlecht und Altersklasse wurden fur diese Parameter Mittelwerte und Standardabweichungen umfangreich dokumentiert. Die Grosse der Explosivkraftwerte im Nachwuchsbereich schwankte erwartungsgemass nach dem jeweiligen Anforderungsprofil der Sportart und nach der Altersklasse beim CMJ-Mittelwert Pmax zwischen 38.9 W/kg (Badminton U12) bis 66.6 W/kg (LA-Sprint U18) bei den Jungen und zwischen 35.3 W/kg (Squash U14) bis 55.2 W/kg (LA-Sprint U16) bei den Madchen. Bei den 12-jahrigen ist das Explosivkraftniveau der unteren Extremiaten zwischen Jungen und Madchen praktisch identisch. Danach entwickeln sich Jungen immer besser bis zu einer Differenz von ca. 17% ab dem 18. Lebensjahr. Als Referenz fur die Normierung der Explosivkraftmessungen der unteren Extremitaten ist diese Dokumentation aus 21 sportartspezifischen Kadermittelwerten im Altersbereich zwischen 12 und 20 Jahren sicher geeignet. Diese bilden dann eine Basis fur eine sportgerechte individuelle Beratung.
Abstract BACKGROUND: In Switzerland, the national accident insurance company registered a total of 42 262 soccer injuries, resulting in costs of approximately 145 million Swiss francs (~US$130 million) in 2003. Research on injury prevention has shown that exercise-based programs can reduce the incidence of soccer injuries. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to assess the implementation and effects of a countrywide campaign to reduce the incidence of soccer injuries in Swiss amateur players. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: All coaches of the Schweizerischer Fussballverband (SFV) received information material and were instructed to implement the injury prevention program "The 11" in their training of amateur players. After the instruction, the coaches were asked to rate the quality and the feasibility of "The 11." Before the start of the intervention and 4 years later, a representative sample of about 1000 Swiss soccer coaches were interviewed about the frequency and characteristics of injuries in their teams. Teams that did or did not practice "The 11" were compared with respect to the incidence of soccer injuries. RESULTS: A total of 5549 coaches for amateur players were instructed to perform "The 11" in the training with their teams. The ratings of the teaching session and the prevention program were overall very positive. In 2008, 80% of all SFV coaches knew the prevention campaign "The 11" and 57% performed the program or most parts of it. Teams performing "The 11" had an 11.5% lower incidence of match injuries and a 25.3% lower incidence of training injuries than other teams; noncontact injuries in particular were prevented by the program. CONCLUSION: "The 11" was successfully implemented in a countrywide campaign and proved effective in reducing soccer injuries in amateur players. An effect of the prevention program was also observed in the population-based insurance data and health-care costs.
ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung der Explosivkraft als Leistungsvoraussetzung fürschnelle, azyklische und zyklische Bewegungen in vielen Sportartennimmt zu. Somit steigt auch das Anspruchsniveau von Trainernund Athleten an die Messgenauigkeit und Vergleichbarkeitvon einfachen Feldtests zur Messung der Explosivkraft der unterenExtremitäten, um individuelle Trainingsfortschritte zu dokumentierenund die Trainingsplanung zu verbessern. Es bestand daherdie Absicht, einfache Feldtests mit einem Standardverfahren imLabor zu vergleichen. 19 männliche Spitzensportler des Handball-U21-Nationalkaders, Absolventen der Spitzensportler-Rekrutenschulein Magglingen, führten in einem Abstand von 2 Tagen viereinfache Feldtests (Standweitsprung, 5er-Hupf, 30-m-Sprint, Jumpand Reach) und den Sprungkrafttest auf Kraftmessplatten durch.Die Beziehung zwischen Standweitsprung, 5er-Hupf und 30-m-Sprint einschliesslich der Abschnittszeiten mit den Werten desLabortestes war im Kollektiv mit Korrelationskoeffi zienten vondurchwegs 0.6 bis 0.8 signifi kant bis hoch signifi kant. Der Jumpand Reach korreliert nicht mit den beidbeinigen Ergebnissen derKraftmessplatten. Die individuelle Voraussage aus den Feldtestsheraus, repräsentiert durch den grossen Standardfehler des Schätzers,ist allerdings ungenügend.Für einen generellen Eindruck, etwa im Sinne des mittleren Leistungsstandeseines Teams, sind die einfachen Feldtests Standweitsprung,5er-Hupf und die Sprintvarianten durchaus einsetzbar.Schon hier genügt allerdings der Jump and Reach nicht den Ansprüchen.Für eine individuell präzise Betrachtung der Explosivkraft, einschliesslichder Dokumentation individueller Änderungen, reichtdie Genauigkeit der einfachen Feldtests nicht aus, und hier ist dieAnwendung von Kraftmessplatten indiziert.
